Digital Authoritarianism

A Critical Examination of The Regulation of Media Content and Its Impact on Freedom of Speech in Kenya

Kirigha, Faith (2024) Digital Authoritarianism. Doctoral thesis, Falmouth University / University of the Arts London.

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Abstract / Summary

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have become increasingly important for organising events, movements and initiatives, mobilising people around causes and issues,
and political critique. From the Arab Spring uprising to the most recent global movement in 2021 dubbed #STOPLoaningKENYA, social media has become vital for several aspects of social and political movements. Kenya is recognised internationally for digital innovation, and media freedom is guaranteed in Kenya's 2010 Constitution (Articles 33, 34 and 35). However, concerns have been raised about a decline in the potential and use of social media in amplifying marginalised voices, fostering global solidarity, and holding institutions accountable as the government poses restrictions by enacting laws and processes and
increasing regulation. In this thesis, I argue that Kenya's media operates under a complex regulatory framework that limits the freedom of critics and protestors. The rise of social media
has reduced the commercial viability of traditional media outlets, and the government has become the largest advertiser, giving it significant leverage over media houses. The government threatens to withdraw advertisements if media houses or journalists fail to align with government interests. While the government cannot entirely control or shut down the media, strategies like bribery, leaks, and occasional shutdowns are employed to manage power
wielded by other actors through these platforms. This study makes significant contributions to the subject area by providing valuable insights into the impact and implications of Kenya's Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act (CMCA, 2018) on free speech and the politics of media management in Kenya. By conducting interviews with political bloggers, political analysts, journalists, independent activists, key policymakers, politicians, government representatives, human rights organisations, media organisations, and higher education institutions’ (HEIs) representatives, the study captured diverse perspectives and experiences related to the CMCA. The research findings shed light on the chilling effect of the law on freedom of speech, the targeting of dissenting voices, the ambiguities and overreach within the legislation, and the
role of media organisations and HEIs in navigating these challenges. The study's contributions extend beyond descriptive insights, offering a critical analysis of the law and proposing reform recommendations to safeguard free speech and promote an environment conducive to open public discourse. Through its comprehensive examination of the impact of the CMCA on the
domains of free speech and media management, this study fills a gap in the existing literature. It provides a robust foundation for further academic inquiry and policy discussions in this field.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Subjects:	Research Communication Communication > Journalism
Depositing User:	Nicola Bond
Date Deposited:	30 Oct 2024 13:45
Last Modified:	18 Nov 2024 14:51
URI:	https://repository.falmouth.ac.uk/id/eprint/5802

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